Glucagon, Plasma

Glucagon is a hormone produced by the pancreas that raises blood sugar by triggering the release of glucose from the liver. It is measured to assess pancreatic function and help diagnose disorders of blood sugar regulation.

When elevated: Elevated glucagon can indicate diabetes, pancreatic tumors (glucagonoma), liver disease, or severe stress or illness. It may also reflect poor blood sugar control or certain medications. When low: Low glucagon is uncommon but can occur with severe liver disease, certain pancreatic disorders, or after pancreatic surgery. It may impair the body's ability to raise blood sugar during fasting or exercise.

Glucagon helps athletes maintain stable blood glucose during intense or prolonged exercise by mobilizing liver glycogen stores. Chronically elevated glucagon at rest may indicate overtraining stress or inadequate carbohydrate availability, affecting recovery and performance consistency.