Androstenedione

Androstenedione is an intermediate steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and gonads that serves as a precursor to testosterone and estrogen. It is measured to evaluate hormone balance, adrenal function, and reproductive health in both men and women.

When elevated: Elevated androstenedione may indicate polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women, adrenal hyperplasia, adrenal tumors, or ovarian disorders. In men, high levels are less common clinically but may reflect adrenal or testicular abnormalities. When low: Low androstenedione can reflect reduced adrenal or gonadal function, including primary or secondary hypogonadism, adrenal insufficiency, or age-related decline in hormone production. In men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy, lower levels may correlate with frailty status.

Androstenedione is not typically a primary performance marker for athletes. While testosterone influences muscle development and recovery, androstenedione itself is mainly a precursor hormone; direct testosterone measurement is more actionable for assessing anabolic status and training adaptation. It may be relevant if investigating adrenal fatigue from overtraining or hormonal imbalances affecting recovery.